In recent decades, human sociocultural changes have increased the numbers of fathers that
are involved in direct caregiving in Western societies. This trend has led to a resurgence of …

Highlights•Paternal care is associated with hormonal changes in rodents, primates and
humans.•Paternal behavior depends on similar neural systems as maternal …

Parental care is essential for the survival of offspring in altricial mammalian species.
However, in most mammals, virgin females tend to avoid or attack infants. Moreover, most …

Parents lay the foundation for their children's socio‐emotional experiences by sensitively
responding to their needs. The hormonal and neurobiological changes that occur during the …

Parental caregiving includes a set of highly conserved behaviors and mental states that may
reflect both an individual's genetic endowment and the early experience of being cared for …

Social interactions are essential for animals to reproduce, defend their territory, and raise
their young. The conserved nature of social behaviors across animal species suggests that …

The bond between a parent and an infant often appears to form effortlessly and intuitively,
and this relationship is fundamental to infant survival and development. Parenting is …

With the growing involvement of fathers in childrearing and the application of neuroscientific
tools to research on parenting, there is a need to understand how a father's brain and …

This article is part of a Special Issue “Parental Care”. Paternal care, though rare among
mammals, is routinely displayed by several species of rodents. Here we review the …

Allomothering, the caregiving to offspring by adults other than the biological mother
including fathers and other group members, has characterized human societies throughout …