We previously showed the anti-inflammatory effects of kynurenic acid (KYNA) and its brain-
penetrable analog N-(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl)-3-(morpholinomethyl)-4-hydroxyquinoline-2 …

Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is implicated in antiinflammatory processes in the brain through
several cellular and molecular targets, among which microglia-related mechanisms are of …

Kynurenic acid is an endogenous modulator of ionotropic glutamate receptors and a
suppressor of the immune system. Since glutamate and microglia are important in the …

It is usually assumed that kynurenic acid (KYNA) modifies neuronal function because it
antagonizes the glycine site of the NMDA receptors and/or the neuronal cholinergic α7 …

Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an end stage product of tryptophan metabolism with a variety of
functions in the human body, both in the central nervous system (CNS) and in other organs …

Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is a neuroactive metabolite of tryptophan known to modulate a
number of mechanisms involved in neural dysfunction. Although its activity in the brain has …

Thymoquinone (TQ), the main pharmacological active ingredient within the black cumin
seed (Nigella sativa) is believed to be responsible for the therapeutic effects on chronic …

Kynurenines have immunomodulatory and neuroactive properties and can influence the
central nervous system. Previous studies showed the involvement of the kynurenines in the …

Kynurenic acid (KynA), a broad spectrum antagonist of excitatory amino acid receptors, may
serve as a protective agent in neurological disorders. The potential anti-inflammatory effect …

The kynurenine pathway intermediate 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HANA) is converted by 3-
HANA 3, 4-dioxygenase (3-HAO) to the putative neuropathogen quinolinic acid (QUIN). In …