The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is based on dissemination in time and space. Before
2010 lack of evidence for dissemination in space could be substituted by a paraclinical test …

Background Intrathecal IgG synthesis (ITGS), in conjunction with magnetic resonance
imaging, can help in the early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Recently, we developed …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous
system (CNS) with brain neurodegeneration. MS patients present heterogeneous clinical …

Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) requires the exclusion of other possible diagnoses. For
this reason, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) should be routinely analysed in patients with a first …

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a bodily fluid, which is both easily accessible and the most
proximate to the pathological alterations of multiple sclerosis (MS). Consequently, the …

Background: The use of oligoclonal bands (OCBs) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters
are established in the diagnosis of MS, but poorly as markers of disease. Objective: To …

Investigation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the diagnostic work-up in suspected multiple
sclerosis (MS) patients has regained attention in the latest version of the diagnostic criteria …

Two or more oligoclonal IgG bands (OB) detected by separation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
proteins while not demonstrable in corresponding serum reflect a local B-cell response …

BACKGROUND: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients lacking CSF oligoclonal bands are
purported to have a milder course of disease. We reviewed the natural history of oligoclonal …

Background Oligoclonal bands (OCBs) unique to the cerebrospinal fluid are used in the
diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The precise prevalence of OCBs in MS and clinically …