The melting of the cryosphere is among the most conspicuous consequences of climate
change, with impacts on microbial life and related biogeochemistry. However, we are …

The Earth's cryosphere comprises those regions that are cold enough for water to turn into
ice. Recent findings show that the icy realms of polar oceans, glaciers and ice sheets are …

Background Glaciers cover~ 10% of land but are among the least explored environments on
Earth. The basal portion of glaciers often harbors unique aquatic microbial ecosystems in …

Glacier and ice sheet surfaces host diverse communities of microorganisms whose activity
(or inactivity) influences biogeochemical cycles and ice melting. Supraglacial microbes …

The terrestrial cryosphere includes> 198,000 glaciers and three ice sheets (Pfeffer et al.,
2014). The paradigm of cryospheric environments as “germless continents”(Byrd, 1938) has …

Background Glacier ice archives information, including microbiology, that helps reveal
paleoclimate histories and predict future climate change. Though glacier-ice microbes are …

The Arctic is warming–fast. Microbes in the Arctic play pivotal roles in feedbacks that magnify
the impacts of Arctic change. Understanding the genome evolution, diversity and dynamics …

Permanently frozen soil, or permafrost, covers a large portion of the Earth's terrestrial surface
and represents a unique environment for cold-adapted microorganisms. As permafrost …

Geologic, chemical and isotopic evidence indicate that Earth has experienced numerous
intervals of widespread glaciation throughout its history, with roughly 11% of present day …

Microbial colonization of glacial ice surfaces incurs feedbacks which affect the melting rate
of the ice surface. Ecosystems formed as microbe–mineral aggregates termed cryoconite …