Darwin's studies on heterostyly in Primula described two floral morphs, pin and thrum, with
reciprocal anther and stigma heights that promote insect-mediated cross-pollination. This …

Primula vulgaris (primrose) exhibits heterostyly: plants produce self-incompatible pin-or
thrum-form flowers, with anthers and stigma at reciprocal heights. Darwin concluded that this …

Supergenes are nonrecombining genomic regions ensuring the coinheritance of multiple,
coadapted genes. Despite the importance of supergenes in adaptation, little is known on …

Heterostyly represents a fascinating adaptation to promote outbreeding in plants that
evolved multiple times independently. While l-morph individuals form flowers with long …

Heterostyly is a fascinating adaptation to promote outbreeding and a classical paradigm of
botany. In the most common type of heterostyly, plants either form flowers with long styles …

Distyly is an intriguing floral adaptation that increases pollen transfer precision and restricts
inbreeding. It has been a model system in evolutionary biology since Darwin. Although the S …

Heterostyly is a complex character involving six sub-characters, morphological and
physiological. Its normal operation is controlled by the segregation of a switch gene …

Heterostyly, a plant sexual polymorphism controlled by the S‐locus supergene, has evolved
numerous times among angiosperm lineages and represents a classic example of …

Abstract Background The flowering plant Primula veris is a common spring blooming
perennial that is widely cultivated throughout Europe. This species is an established model …

Distyly has evolved independently in numerous animal‐pollinated angiosperm lineages.
Understanding of its molecular basis has been restricted to a few species, primarily Primula …