X chromosome inactivation involves multiple levels of chromatin modification, established
progressively and in a stepwise manner during early development. The chromosomal …

The Smchd1 gene encodes a large protein with homology to the SMC family of proteins
involved in chromosome condensation and cohesion. Previous studies have found that …

CpG islands (CGIs) function as promoters for approximately 60% of human genes. Most of
these elements remain protected from CpG methylation, a prevalent epigenetic modification …

Background X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a developmental program of
heterochromatin formation that initiates during early female mammalian embryonic …

During development, a small but significant number of CpG islands (CGIs) become
methylated. The timing of developmentally programmed CGI methylation and associated …

In higher eukaryotes, up to 70% of genes have high levels of nonmethylated
cytosine/guanine base pairs (CpGs) surrounding promoters and gene regulatory units …

The human genome contains∼ 30,000 CpG islands (CGIs). While CGIs associated with
promoters nearly always remain unmethylated, many of the∼ 9,000 CGIs lying within gene …

CpG islands (CGIs) are dense clusters of CpG sequences that punctuate the CpG-deficient
human genome and associate with many gene promoters. As CGIs also differ from bulk …

The precise regulation of gene transcription is required to establish and maintain cell type-
specific gene expression programs during multicellular development. In addition to …

Most mammalian gene promoters are embedded within genomic regions called CpG
islands, characterized by elevated levels of nonmethylated CpG dinucleotides. Here, we …