Improved understanding of the immune system and its role in cancer development and
progression has led to impressive advances in the field of cancer immunotherapy over the …

The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized cancer therapy by leveraging
the body's immune system to combat malignancies effectively. Among these groundbreaking …

Cancer immunotherapy, which reactivates weakened immune cells of cancer patients, has
yielded great success in recent years. Among immunotherapeutic agents, immune …

Programmed death protein 1 (PD1) is a common immunosuppressive member on the
surface of T cells and plays an imperative part in downregulating the immune system and …

Abstract Programmed cell death-1 (PD1) has become a significant target for cancer
immunotherapy. PD1 and its receptor programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) are key …

Background Immunotherapeutic approaches to treating cancer have been evaluated during
the last few decades with limited success. An understanding of the checkpoint signaling …

Cancer cells employ several mechanisms to evade the immune system of their host, thus
escaping immune recognition and elimination. Of particular interest is a cancer cell's ability …

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint inhibitor that binds to its
receptor PD-1 expressed by T cells and other immune cells to regulate immune responses; …

Immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer is rapidly evolving from therapies that globally
and non-specifically simulate the immune system to more targeted activation of individual …

Early preclinical evidence provided the rationale for programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and
programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade as a potential form of cancer immunotherapy …