The skin barrier is an important shield regulating the outside‐in as well as inside‐out
penetration of water, nutrients, ions and environmental stimuli. We can distinguish four …

Skin fulfils a plethora of eminent physiological functions ranging from physical barrier over
immunity shield to the interface mediating social interaction. Prone to several acquired and …

Abstract 3D human skin models provide a platform for toxicity testing, biomaterials
evaluation, and investigation of fundamental biological processes. However, the majority of …

Many diseases, as well as side effects of drugs, manifest themselves through skin
symptoms. Skin is a complex tissue that hosts various specialized cell types and performs …

The inability of two-dimensional cell culture systems to adequately map the structure and
function of complex organs like skin necessitates the development of three-dimensional (3D) …

The strong societal urge to reduce the use of experimental animals, and the biological
differences between rodent and human skin, have led to the development of alternative …

Keratinocyte monolayers, cultured in immersed conditions, constitute a frequently used in
vitro model system to study keratinocytes behaviour in response to environmental assaults …

As the first line of defence, skin is regularly exposed to a variety of biological, physical and
chemical insults. Therefore, determining the skin sensitization potential of new chemicals is …

In vitro models are a cost effective and ethical alternative to study cutaneous wound healing
processes. Moreover, by using human cells, these models reflect the human wound situation …

The relevance for in vitro three-dimensional (3D) tissue culture of skin has been present for
almost a century. From using skin biopsies in organ culture, to vascularized organotypic full …