Ectopic activity in cardiac muscle within pulmonary veins (PVs) is associated with the onset
and the maintenance of atrial fibrillation in humans. The mechanism underlying this ectopic …

Objective: Pulmonary veins are important foci of ectopic beats to initiate paroxysmal atrial
fibrillation. The purpose of this study were to investigate the electrophysiological …

Pulmonary Vein Arrhythmogenesis Introduction Despite the importance of neurogenic
initiation of rapid firing from pulmonary veins (PVs), the mechanism of autonomic modulation …

Na Channels and Automatic Activity in Rat PV Introduction Ectopic activity arising from
pulmonary veins (PV) plays a prominent role in the onset of atrial fibrillation in humans. Rat …

Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation associated with focal ectopy originating from the pulmonary vein
(PV) can be preceded by variations in autonomic tone; however, the underlying cellular …

The pulmonary vein is known as an important source of ectopic beats, initiating frequent
paroxysms of atrial fibrillation. We analyzed electrophysiological and pharmacological …

Background and purpose: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common electrical cardiac
disorder in clinical practice. The major trigger for AF is focal ectopic activity of unknown …

BACKGROUND: Rapid firing within pulmonary vein sleeves frequently initiates atrial
fibrillation. The role of the autonomic nervous system in facilitating spontaneous firing is …

Pulmonary veins may serve as source of ectopic focus (or foci) in initiating atrial
tachyarrhythmias in human beings. However, the animal model for such focal atrial …

We examined the involvement of adrenoceptors in the automaticity of the pulmonary vein
myocardium, which probably plays a crucial role in the generation of atrial fibrillation. The …