This paper has been developed in support of an ongoing effort within the US Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) to develop an integrated framework for metals risk assessment. In …

This article on the US Environmental Protection Agency document,“Framework for Metals
Risk Assessment” was presented at the “Health Risk Assessment of Essential Metals” …

EPA recognized that metals present unique risk assessment issues, and saw the need to
develop a framework document that puts forth key scientific principles for metals risk …

A workshop was convened July 18-19, 1990 for the purpose of identifying data gaps and
research needs relevant to human health risk associated with exposure to 10 selected …

The bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and bioaccumulation properties of inorganic metals in
soil, sediments, and aquatic systems are complex. Similar to organic compounds, abiotic …

Ecological risk assessment (ERA) is a process that evaluates the potential for adverse
ecological effects occurring as a result of exposure to contaminants or other stressors. ERA …

Risk assessment requires a delicate consideration of the factors modifying exposure and
effects. In this contribution a review is given of the qualitative and quantitative information …

The field of ecological risk assessment (ERA) was developed in the 1980s, in recognition of
the need to evaluate the effects of human activities at the ecosystem level and to incorporate …

The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR, 1992) has defined an
exposure pathway as the process by which an individual is exposed to contaminants that …

The chemical diversity of metals and metalloids, with radically different toxicities even across
oxidation states, means that assessment of risk to humans or ecological receptors can …