Variable switching rates of malaria virulence genes are associated with chromosomal position

M Frank, R Dzikowski, B Amulic… - Molecular …, 2007 - Wiley Online Library
Antigenic variation in Plasmodium falciparum malaria is mediated by transcriptional
switches between different members of the multicopy var gene family. Each var gene …

Highly co‐ordinated var gene expression and switching in clinical Plasmodium falciparum isolates from non‐immune malaria patients

A Bachmann, S Predehl, J May, S Harder… - Cellular …, 2011 - Wiley Online Library
Antigenic variation to fool the immune system is one of the molecular tricks Plasmodium
uses to maintain infection in its human host. The exclusive expression of the surface …

A Unique Virulence Gene Occupies a Principal Position in Immune Evasion by the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum

UE Ukaegbu, X Zhang, AR Heinberg, M Wele… - PLoS …, 2015 - journals.plos.org
Mutually exclusive gene expression, whereby only one member of a multi-gene family is
selected for activation, is used by the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum to escape the …

5′ flanking region of var genes nucleate histone modification patterns linked to phenotypic inheritance of virulence traits in malaria parasites

JJ Lopez‐Rubio, AM Gontijo, MC Nunes… - Molecular …, 2007 - Wiley Online Library
In the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum antigenic variation facilitates long‐
term chronic infection of the host. This is achieved by sequential expression of a single …

Clonally variant gene families in Plasmodium falciparum share a common activation factor

CA Howitt, D Wilinski, M Llinás… - Molecular …, 2009 - Wiley Online Library
The genome of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum contains several multicopy
gene families, including var, rifin, stevor and Pfmc‐2TM. These gene families undergo …

Erasing the Epigenetic Memory and Beginning to Switch—The Onset of Antigenic Switching of var Genes in Plasmodium falciparum

Y Fastman, R Noble, M Recker, R Dzikowski - PloS one, 2012 - journals.plos.org
Antigenic variation in Plasmodium falciparum is regulated by transcriptional switches among
members of the var gene family, each expressed in a mutually exclusive manner and …

Var Gene Promoter Activation in Clonal Plasmodium falciparum Isolates Follows a Hierarchy and Suggests a Conserved Switching Program that Is Independent of …

C Enderes, D Kombila, M Dal-Bianco… - Journal of Infectious …, 2011 - academic.oup.com
Antigenic variation of Plasmodium falciparum is mediated by a mutually exclusive
expression mechanism that limits expression to an individual member of the multicopy va r …

Antigenic Variation in Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Involves a Highly Structured Switching Pattern

M Recker, CO Buckee, A Serazin, S Kyes… - PLoS …, 2011 - journals.plos.org
Many pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and protozoa achieve chronic infection through an immune
evasion strategy known as antigenic variation. In the human malaria parasite Plasmodium …

Intra-cluster recombination and var transcription switches in the antigenic variation of Plasmodium falciparum

KW Deitsch, A del Pinal, TE Wellems - Molecular and biochemical …, 1999 - Elsevier
Antigenic variation and immune evasion by Plasmodium falciparum parasitized erythrocytes
are mediated by expression switches among members of the multicopy var gene family …

Silence, activate, poise and switch! Mechanisms of antigenic variation in Plasmodium falciparum

J Guizetti, A Scherf - Cellular microbiology, 2013 - Wiley Online Library
Phenotypic variation in genetically identical malaria parasites is an emerging topic. Although
antigenic variation is only part of a more global parasite strategy to create adaptation …