Introduction Hypospadias is a common congenital anomaly caused by incomplete fusion of
urethral folds. Development of the urethra and external genital system in the male fetus is an …

Background Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation in males, in which the
urethral orifice is found on the ventral side of the penis as a result of incomplete fusion of …

Context: Hypospadias is one of the most common malformations in man, with an incidence
of 1: 300 in newborn boys. No gene has been identified that causes isolated hypospadias …

Background Hypospadias is one of the most common forms of congenital malformation of
the male external genitalia worldwide. The ratio in the Iranian population is one in 250 live …

Background/Aim: Defects in the steroid 5α-reductase type 2 (SRD5A2) activity cause
decreased formation of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) from testosterone (T), resulting in …

Purpose: Hypospadias is a common congenital error of genital development, the frequency
of which is increasing. As androgens have a significant role in the development of the male …

Hypospadias, a common congenital malformation of male external genitalia, is
characterized mainly by an aberrant opening of the urethra on the ventral side of the penis …

Abstract Background/Aims Hypospadias is a common congenital error of genital
development, the frequency of which is increasing. As androgens have a significant role in …

Context: Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation of the male external genitalia
with a multifactorial etiology. Little is known about the genes involved in hypospadias. A few …

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of genetic mutations in steroid 5α-reductase-2
(SRD5A2), androgen receptor (AR) and steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) in Chinese children …