Evidence of central nervous system (CNS) exogenous opioid effects in humans has been
primarily gained through neuroimaging of three participant populations: individuals after …

Pain is a complex experience with far-reaching organismal influences ranging from
biological factors to those that are psychological and social. Such influences can serve as …

Given the ubiquitous nature of opioids in the treatment of pain, it is an interesting paradox
that this class of medications also represents one of the least understood components of …

Decades of research advances have established a central role for endogenous opioid
systems in regulating reward processing, mood, motivation, learning and memory …

Opioid addiction and overdose are at record levels in the United States. This is driven, in
part, by their widespread prescription for the treatment of pain, which also increased …

The pervasive use of opioid compounds for pain relief is rooted in their utility as one of the
most effective therapeutic strategies for providing analgesia. While the detrimental side …

In this issue, there is an especially interesting and important special review by Ballantyne
and Sullivan entitled,“The discovery of endogenous opioid systems: what it has meant for …

Pain has a useful protective role; through avoidance learning, it helps to decrease the
probability of engaging in tissue-damaging, or otherwise dangerous experiences. In our …

Opioids play an important role for the management of acute pain and in palliative care. In
contrast, the role of long-term opioid therapy in chronic non-malignant pain remains unclear …

Opioids play an important role for the management of acute pain and in palliative care. The
role of long-term opioid therapy in chronic non-malignant pain remains unclear and is the …