The lubrication of external liquid flow with a bubbly mixture or gas layer has been the goal of
engineers for many years, and this article presents the underlying principles and recent …

The injection of gas bubbles into a turbulent boundary layer of a liquid phase has multiple
different impacts on the original flow structure. Frictional drag reduction is a phenomenon …

Drag reduction plays an important role in improving the efficiency of fluid transport and
reducing the energy consumption of transport vehicles. The essential feature of bubble …

Microbubble and air film methods are believed to be applicable to skin friction reduction in
ships. Small bubbles are dispersed into the turbulent boundary layer in the former case, and …

Air lubrication to reduce hull skin friction is an idea that originated more than a century ago.
There are few implementations of this concept, and there are even fewer systematic …

The interactions between a dense cloud of small bubbles and a liquid turbulent boundary
layer are reviewed on the basis of available experimental observations to understand and …

To promote the efficiency of frictional drag reduction using bubbles, we designed a novel
bubble control method that involves repetitive injection of bubbles rather than the …

Turbulent boundary layer skin friction in liquid flows may be reduced when bubbles are
present near the surface on which the boundary layer forms. Prior experimental studies of …

Determination of the flow structure near the wall is essential for a clear insight into the
phenomenon of skin friction reduction by microbubbles in a turbulent boundary layer. An …

Micro-bubble drag reduction experiments were conducted in a turbulent water channel flow.
Compressed nitrogen was used to force flow through a slot injector located in the plate …