Vision is an important sense for humans, and visual impairment/blindness has a huge
impact in daily life. The retina is a nervous tissue that is essential for visual processing since …

Aims: Retinal pharmacotherapy has gained great importance for the treatment of various
retinal diseases. An increasing number of drugs have been constantly released into the …

Similar to the brain with its blood-brain barrier, the retina is somewhat protected from
systemic chemicals by virtue of the inner and outer blood-retina barrier formed by the tight …

Light damage to the retina occurs through three general mechanisms involving thermal,
mechanical, or photochemical effects. The particular mechanism activated depends on the …

The aim of the present review is to focus on the potential consequences of free radicals in
human health and disease with special reference to ocular disorders. The balance between …

Druginduced retinal lesions are not acquisitions of modern drug therapy. Eyesight lesions
have been known as dreaded side-effects of treatment since the earliest beginnings of …

An imbalance of homeostasis in the retina leads to neuron loss and this eventually results in
a deterioration of vision. If the stress threshold is exceeded, different protective/survival …

Aims: Experimental retinal research has gained great importance due to the ophthalmic
pharmacotherapy era. An increasing number of drugs are constantly released into the …

Visual system is increasingly recognized as a sensitive target of xenobiotics in aquatic
ecosystems. Various environmental pollutants of distinct physicochemical properties are …

Background: Oxidative stress is caused by free radicals or oxidant productions, including
lipid peroxidation, protein modification, DNA damage and apoptosis or cell death and results …