In the mucosa, the immune system's T cells and B cells have position-specific phenotypes
and functions that are influenced by the microbiota. These cells play pivotal parts in the …

The intestinal microbiome is a signalling hub that integrates environmental inputs, such as
diet, with genetic and immune signals to affect the host's metabolism, immunity and …

The gut microbiota influences development,–and homeostasis,,–of the mammalian immune
system, and is associated with human inflammatory and immune diseases, as well as …

The microbiome has an important role in human health. Changes in the microbiota can
confer resistance to or promote infection by pathogenic bacteria. Antibiotics have a profound …

The human gut is home to trillions of microorganisms, which modulate health and disease.
This Insight brings together leaders in the field of microbiota–host interactions to provide an …

Trillions of microbes inhabit the human intestine, forming a complex ecological community
that influences normal physiology and susceptibility to disease through its collective …

A dense resident microbial community in the gut, referred as the commensal microbiota,
coevolved with the host and is essential for many host physiological processes that include …

The intestinal microbiota has a critical role in immune system and metabolic homeostasis,
but it must be tolerated by the host to avoid inflammatory responses that can damage the …

The emergence of the adaptive immune system in vertebrates set the stage for evolution of
an advanced symbiotic relationship with the intestinal microbiota. The defining features of …

The mammalian intestinal tract harbors a diverse community of trillions of microorganisms,
which have co-evolved with the host immune system for millions of years. Many of these …