Purpose of the review: Validated tools to improve cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk
assessment and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal …

Background Non-invasive cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction, in subclinical
stages, aiming to stratify patients and tailor interventions remains an unmet need in chronic …

BACKGROUND: Indices of arterial structure and stiffness are proposed as surrogate
markers of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but no …

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD)
and death. Albuminuria is an established risk factor, but additional biomarkers predicting …

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis
and an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. The relationships …

Background Although a variety of non-invasive methods for measuring cardiovascular (CV)
risk (such as carotid intima media thickness, pulse wave velocity (PWV), coronary artery and …

Although clinical cardiovascular outcomes, such as heart attack, stroke, and sudden cardiac
death, have a dramatic onset, they result from prolonged exposure to an ever-growing array …

Background. High cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients appears
only partly attributable to atherosclerosis, with much of the remaining risk being ascribed to …

Background: Among patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), arterial stiffness is
considered as a powerful predictor of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. However …

Background Early chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased
cardiovascular (CV) risk but underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. Arterial stiffness (AS) …