Mathematical flexibility has been widely acknowledged as an important learning goal in
mathematical education and has received increasing research attention in order to explore …

The current paper presents an introduction to a special issue focusing on mathematical
flexibility, which is an important aspect of mathematical thinking and a cherished, but …

Flexibility has been increasingly valued in mathematics education to better prepare students
for lives in the rapidly changing society of the future. Although there has been conjecture that …

This study examined the relationship between two types of mathematical flexibility–potential
flexibility, which indicates individuals' knowledge of multiple strategies and strategy …

Psychologists and mathematics educators have long viewed flexibility as critical to students'
mathematical development. In this paper, we focused on the multidimensional nature of …

Background Traditional math instruction that emphasizes procedures and rote memorization
is common in math classes, particularly within the United States. Students may be able to …

Background In this cross-national study, Spanish, Finnish, and Swedish middle and high
school students' procedural flexibility was examined, with the specific intent of determining …

Flexibility in problem solving has been widely recognized as an important skill for students'
mastery of mathematics. Here we utilize the Opportunity-Propensity framework to investigate …

In this article we review the research on the flexible or adaptive use of solution strategies in
school mathematics, with a focus on the most recent work in the field. After a short …

We introduce this special issue on cognitive flexibility in mental arithmetic by first
summarizing what is known. That is, we briefly examine the available literature on cognitive …