Biomarkers of exposure: a case study with inorganic arsenic

MF Hughes - Environmental health perspectives, 2006 - ehp.niehs.nih.gov
The environmental contaminant inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a human toxicant and carcinogen.
Most mammals metabolize iAs by reducing it to trivalency, followed by oxidative methylation …

Blood arsenic as a biomarker of arsenic exposure: results from a prospective study

M Hall, Y Chen, H Ahsan, V Slavkovich, A Van Geen… - Toxicology, 2006 - Elsevier
Exposure to arsenic (As)-contaminated drinking water affects millions of people worldwide.
Arsenic exposure is associated with skin lesions, skin, lung, kidney and liver cancers …

Urinary trivalent methylated arsenic species in a population chronically exposed to inorganic arsenic

OL Valenzuela, VH Borja-Aburto… - Environmental …, 2005 - ehp.niehs.nih.gov
Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) has been associated with increased risk of
various forms of cancer and of noncancerous diseases. Metabolic conversions of iAs that …

Biomonitoring for environmental exposures to arsenic

K Orloff, K Mistry, S Metcalf - Journal of Toxicology and …, 2009 - Taylor & Francis
Arsenic (As) is a widely occurring environmental contaminant. To assess human exposures
to As, public health officials and researchers often conduct biomonitoring. Samples of urine …

Variability in biomarkers of arsenic exposure and metabolism in adults over time

ML Kile, E Hoffman, YM Hsueh, S Afroz… - Environmental …, 2009 - ehp.niehs.nih.gov
Background Urinary arsenic metabolites (UAs) are used as biomarkers of exposure and
metabolism. Objectives To characterize inter-and intraindividual variability in UAs in healthy …

Tissue distribution and urinary excretion of inorganic arsenic and its methylated metabolites in mice following acute oral administration of arsenate

EM Kenyon, LM Del Razo, MF Hughes - Toxicological Sciences, 2005 - academic.oup.com
The relationship of exposure dose and tissue concentration of parent chemical and
metabolites is a critical issue in cases where toxicity may be mediated by a metabolite or by …

Human studies do not support the methylation threshold hypothesis for the toxicity of inorganic arsenic

C Hopenhaynrich, AH Smith, HM Goeden - Environmental research, 1993 - Elsevier
Abstract Inorganic arsenic (In-As) is an established human carcinogen. Methylation to
monomethylarsonate (MMA) and dimethylarsinate (DMA) is believed to be the detoxification …

The broad scope of health effects from chronic arsenic exposure: update on a worldwide public health problem

MF Naujokas, B Anderson, H Ahsan… - Environmental …, 2013 - ehp.niehs.nih.gov
Background: Concerns for arsenic exposure are not limited to toxic waste sites and massive
poisoning events. Chronic exposure continues to be a major public health problem …

Seafood arsenic: implications for human risk assessment

J Borak, HD Hosgood - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2007 - Elsevier
Concerns about the adverse effects of chronic arsenic exposure have focused on
contaminated drinking water and airborne workplace exposures; the risks of naturally …

Tissue distribution and urinary excretion of inorganic arsenic and its methylated metabolites in C57BL6 mice following subchronic exposure to arsenate in drinking …

EM Kenyon, MF Hughes, BM Adair, JH Highfill… - Toxicology and applied …, 2008 - Elsevier
The relationship of exposure and tissue concentration of parent chemical and metabolites
over prolonged exposure is a critical issue for chronic toxicities mediated by metabolite (s) …