Background Monitoring the incidence and intensity of catastrophic health expenditure, as
well as the impoverishing effects of out of pocket costs to access healthcare, is a key part of …

Background Many health systems in Africa are funded primarily through out-of-pocket
payments. Out-of-pocket payments prevent people from seeking care, can result to …

Background: Out-of-pocket health expenditures leave households exposed to the risk of
financial catastrophe and poverty whenever they entail significant dissaving or the sale of …

Background Direct out-of-pocket payments for health care are recognised as limiting access
to health care services and also endangering the welfare of households. In Uganda, such …

Introduction Progress towards effective service coverage and financial protection—the two
dimensions of Universal Health Coverage (UHC)—has been limited in Kenya in the last …

Background Out of pocket (OOP) health spending can potentially expose households to risk
of incurring large medical bills, and this may impact on their welfare. This work investigates …

Background: Financial risk protection against the cost of unforeseen healthcare has gained
global attention in recent years. Although Ghana implemented a nationwide health …

Background Approximately 150 million people suffer from financial catastrophe annually
because of out-of-pocket expenditures (OOPEs) on health. Although the National Health …

Background Inequality in health services access and utilization are influenced by out-of-
pocket health expenditures in many low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Various …

Objective There is limited evidence about levels of socio-economic and other differences in
catastrophic health spending in Nigeria and in many sub-Saharan African countries. The …