The innate immune system recognizes conserved features of viral and microbial pathogens
through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Toll-like receptors (TLR s) are one type of …

Toll-like receptors play important roles in regulating immunity against microbial infections.
Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) belongs to a subfamily comprising TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 …

Introduction: Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR8 are functionally localized to endosomes
and recognize specific RNA sequences. They play crucial roles in initiating innate and …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) form a major group of transmembrane receptors that are involved
in the detection of invading pathogens. Double-stranded RNA is a marker for viral infection …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a central role in the innate immune response by recognizing
conserved structural patterns in a variety of microbes. TLRs are classified into six families, of …

Toll-like receptors (TLR) sense a variety of microbial products and play an important role in
the mounting of innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR1 to TLR9 are common in mice …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are type I transmembrane proteins involved in innate immunity by
recognizing microbial conserved structures. Recent studies have shown that TLR3 …

Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is specialized for the recognition of pathogenic nucleic acids.
TLR9 is expressed in intracellular compartments where it responds specifically to pathogen …

Recent advances in our understanding of foreign nucleic acid sensing indicate an important
role for the human Toll-like receptor (TLR) 8 in the initiation of immune responses to certain …

The mammalian immune system senses pathogens through pattern recognition receptors
(PRRs) and responds with activation. The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family that consists of 13 …