Finland's social security spending has been increasing rapidly over the past four decades,
and is expected to continue increasing in the decades to come. The increase has been …

Finland is a big spender: its social spending as a share of GDP is the second highest in the
EU. Until the international crisis of 2008, Finnish social spending was somewhat below EU …

Central government liabilities have been increasing for many years, not only in terms of their
nominal value but also in relation to the size of the economy. Just before the start of the …

The Survey is published on the responsibility of the Economic and Development Review
Committee of the OECD, which is charged with the examination of the economic situation of …

This paper uses the Social Policies and Distributional Outcomes framework to evaluate how
social security policies evolved, how public spending changed, the effects of these on the …

Abstract During the period from 2009-2015, Greece experienced one of the longest and
deepest recessions that any western economy endured in the 20th century; its real GDP fell …

The impact of population ageing on public expenditure development in Finland is analysed
by Kinnunen and Tuovinen. As in other countries, ageing will lead to an increase in …

This study analyses the fiscal impact of population aging in Sweden from 2015 to 2060. We
consider the three main areas of public spending in the demographic context: education …

The study sought to understand the socioeconomic impact of the increase in pension
benefits on social security in Finland and Norway. Deploying a qualitative research …

Today, society is struggling with the uncertainty caused by the pandemic of coronavirus
disease 2019 (covid-19). Government budgets will face a real challenge in the coming …