Defining where and in what form lymphocytes encounter antigen is fundamental to
understanding how immune responses occur. Although knowledge of the recognition of …

The mechanism of B cell–antigen encounter in lymphoid tissues is incompletely understood.
It is also unclear how immune complexes are transported to follicular dendritic cells. Here …

Adaptive B cell responses are initiated by B cell receptor–antigen engagement. Despite its
importance, the early stages of B cell interaction with antigen in vivo remain elusive. Using …

A functional immune system depends on the appropriate activation of lymphocytes following
antigen encounter. In this Review, we summarize studies that have used high-resolution …

In contrast to naïve T cells that recognize short antigen-derived peptides displayed by
specialized antigen-presenting cells, immunoglobulin receptors of B lymphocytes primarily …

The prominent display of opsonized antigen by follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) has long
favored the view that they serve as antigen-presenting cells for B cells. Surprisingly …

In the early phase of thymus-dependent antibody responses antigen-engaged B cells
rapidly change their localization within the secondary lymphoid organs to access helper T …

The initial step in a humoral immune response involves the acquisition of antigens by B cells
via surface immunoglobulin. Surprisingly, anatomic studies indicate that lymph-borne …

Highlights•B cells preferentially respond to membrane-associated antigens.•Two main cell
types, macrophages and follicular dendritic cells, implicated in presentation of native antigen …

Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), which reside in the primary B-cell follicles and germinal
centres of lymphoid tissues, can sequester antigen in the form of immune complexes and …