The liver communicates with the intestine via the portal vein, biliary system, and mediators in
the circulation. Microbes in the intestine maintain liver homeostasis but can also serve as a …

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represent a
major health burden in industrialized countries. Although alcohol abuse and nutrition play a …

The trillions of microorganisms in the human intestine are important regulators of health, and
disruptions in the gut microbial communities can cause disease. The gut, liver and immune …

Gut microbiota has been demonstrated to have a significant impact on the initiation,
progression and development of complications associated with multiple liver diseases …

Chronic liver disease is reaching epidemic proportions with the increasing prevalence of
obesity, nonalcoholic liver disease, and alcohol overuse worldwide. Most patients are not …

The term, gut–liver axis, is used to highlight the close anatomical and functional relationship
between the intestine and the liver. It has been increasingly recognized that the gut–liver …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the accumulation of fat in the liver in the absence
of secondary causes. NAFLD is a multifactorial disease that results from the interaction of …

Background Mortality from chronic liver disease is rising exponentially. The liver is intimately
linked to the gut via the portal vein, and exposure to gut microbiota and their metabolites …

The intestinal microbiota have emerged as a topic of intense interest in gastroenterology
and hepatology. The liver is on the front line as the first filter of nutrients, toxins and bacterial …

It is now well established that gut flora and chronic liver diseases are closely interrelated.
This association is most evident at late stages of the disease: cirrhosis and impaired liver …