The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), a genetically informed biomarker of rate of nicotine
metabolism, has been validated as a tool to select the optimal treatment for individual …

Background: The ratio of 3′ hydroxycotinine to cotinine, or nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR),
is strongly associated with CYP2A6 genotype, CYP2A6-mediated nicotine and cotinine …

Introduction: The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), the ratio of 3-hydroxycotinine to cotinine, is
a biomarker used in smoking cessation research, with several retrospective studies …

Background: We examined the nicotine metabolite ratio's (NMR) relationship with smoking
intensity, nicotine dependence, and a broad array of biomarkers of exposure and biological …

Quitting smoking significantly reduces the risk of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality, yet
there is a high rate of relapse amongst smokers who try to quit. Phenotypic biomarkers have …

Background Substantial variability exists in therapeutic response and adverse effects with
pharmacotherapies for tobacco dependence. Biomarkers to optimise treatment choice for …

Background: The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR or 3-hydroxycotinine/cotinine) has been
used to phenotype CYP2A6-mediated nicotine metabolism. Our objectives were to analyze …

Background: Variability in smoking behavior is partly attributable to heritable individual
differences in nicotine clearance rates. This can be assessed as the ratio of the metabolites …

Introduction Nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), the ratio of trans 3′-hydroxycotinine to
cotinine, is a biomarker of nicotine metabolism. Discrepant findings among clinical trials and …

Abstract Background: The US FDA has the authority to reduce cigarette nicotine content if
found to benefit public health. Reduced nicotine content (RNC) cigarette use does not …