Biological rules describe general morphological, structural and genetic patterns within and
across species. Within these, ecogeographical rules correlate phenotypic variation of …

How species will adapt to future climate change is a key question in modern biology. One
way to predict such adaptation is to draw from our knowledge of current spatial patterns of …

Patterns of ecotypic variation constitute some of the few 'rules' known to modern biology.
Here, we examine several well‐known ecogeographical rules, especially those pertaining to …

Ecogeographical rules, describing common trends in animal form across space and time,
have provided key insights into the primary factors driving species diversity on our planet …

Aim Predictions of future species distributions rest on the assumption that climatic conditions
in the current range reflect fundamental niche requirements. So far, it remains unclear to …

Although climates are rapidly changing on a global scale, these changes cannot easily be
extrapolated to the local scales experienced by organisms. In fact, such generalizations …

A tenet of macroecology is that physiological processes of organisms are linked to large-
scale geographical patterns in environmental conditions. Species at higher latitudes …

Aim Under the H utchinsonian concept of the realized niche, biotic interactions and dispersal
limitation may prevent species from fully occupying areas that they could tolerate …

Understanding rates and patterns of change in physiological and climatic-niche variables is
of urgent importance as many species are increasingly threatened by rising global …

Environmental temperature has strong and systematic effects on biological processes at all
levels of 14 organization, ranging from cells to ecosystems. The large temporal and spatial …