Complexity in mechanisms that drive cancer development and progression is exemplified by
the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway, which suppresses early-stage …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid bilayer–enclosed vesicles that mediate vital
cellular communication by transferring cargo between cells. Among these, tissue-derived …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a well-known cytokine that controls various
processes in normal physiology and disease context. Strong preclinical and clinical …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous collection of membrane-bound structures
that play key roles in intercellular communication. EVs are potent regulators of …

Extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated intercellular communication acts as a critical culprit in
cancer development. The selective packaging of oncogenic molecules renders tumor …

Cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are regarded as having promising potential to
be used as therapeutics and disease biomarkers. Mechanistically, EVs have been shown to …

In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerged as potential diagnostic and prognostic
markers for cancer therapy. While the field of EV research is rapidly developing and their …

Tumors evolve in complex and dynamic microenvironments that they rely on for sustained
growth, invasion, and metastasis. Within this space, tumor cells and non-malignant cells are …

Communication between cancer cells and the surrounding stromal cells of the tumor
microenvironment (TME) plays a key role in promoting metastasis, which is the major cause …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as important mediators of intercellular
communication. They are released in the extracellular space by a variety of normal and …