This paper explores police stop and search activities in Canada using data from a 2007
survey of Toronto residents. The paper begins by demonstrating that black respondents are …

Purpose Black Canadians have a historically tenuous relationship with the police. Negative
perceptions of the police held by Black people have traditionally resulted from high levels of …

A controversial issue in policing is the alleged use of racial profiling by police to stop,
search, question, or frisk citizens. Currently, only a small amount of empirical research exists …

Racial profiling has become one of the most controversial issues facing the Canadian
criminal justice system. In a recent article, Thomas Gabor dismisses much of the evidence of …

In October 2002, the Toronto Star ran a series of feature articles on racial profiling in which it
was indicated that Toronto police routinely target young Black men when making traffic …

This article examines the view, expressed authoritatively in the Macpherson report (1999),
that racial disproportionality in police stop and search is attributable to officers selectively …

French residents of immigrant origin, particularly those of North African and sub-Saharan
African background, have long complained that police single them out for unfair …

Research Summary Scholarly research has documented repeatedly that minority citizens
are disproportionately stopped, searched, and arrested relative to their baseline …

Racial profiling is the practice of subjecting citizens to increased surveillance or scrutiny
based on racial or ethic factors rather than ''reasonable suspicion.''The current debate …

Scholarship is divided over whether youth from marginalized populations are stopped and
searched by police primarily due to their illegal behaviours (functionalism), marginalized …