Background Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This
multicenter, cross-sectional survey was designed to estimate the cardiovascular (CV) risk …

Objective To investigate how individual risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD)(blood
pressure, lipid levels, body mass index, waist and hip circumference, use of antihypertensive …

Background Tobacco smoking is one of the most important risk factors of coronary heart
disease (CHD). Hence, smoking cessation is considered pivotal in the prevention of CHD …

Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the leading
avoidable cause of death worldwide. Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) increases the …

Background In recent large cardiovascular trials done in stable patients, 14-31% of the
participants were smokers; the consequences of smoking in these trials using medications …

Abstract The Belgian Heart Disease Prevention Project is a controlled multifactorial
prevention trial involving 19,390 men aged 40–59 years, employed by 30 Belgian industries …

Background Risk prediction for CVD events has been shown to vary according to current
smoking status, pack-years smoked over a lifetime, time since quitting and age at quitting …

Background Despite the strong association of smoking with cardiovascular disease (CVD)
and cerebral stroke, the consequences of smoking have not been elucidated among Iranian …

Objectives Smoking as an epidemiological exposure can be quantified in many ways
including duration, intensity, pack-years, recency, and age at initiation. However, it is not …

Objective To assess the extent to which smoking cessation among cohort members during
the follow-up affects the estimated association between smoking and coronary heart disease …