Background Several retinal pathologies exhibit both inflammation and breakdown of the
inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB) resulting in vascular permeability, suggesting that …

Background Many retinal diseases are associated with vascular dysfunction accompanied
by neuroinflammation. We examined the ability of minocycline (Mino), a tetracycline …

Retinal ischemia–reperfusion (IR) induces neurodegenaration as well as blood–retinal
barrier (BRB) breakdown causing vascular permeability. Whereas the neuronal death has …

The role of microglia in retinal inflammation is still ambiguous. Branch retinal vein occlusion
initiates an inflammatory response whereby resident microglia cells are activated. They …

Retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a pathophysiological process contributing to cellular
damage in multiple ocular conditions, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal …

Purpose: To characterize retinal microglia activation and macrophage recruitment in
experimental branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods: Experimental BRVO was …

Glaucoma results from irreversible loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) through an unclear
mechanism. Microglial polarization and neuroinflammation play an important role in retinal …

Purpose.: Neovascularization occurs in response to tissue ischemia and growth factor
stimulation. In ischemic retinopathies, however, new vessels fail to restore the hypoxic …

Retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important cause of visual impairment.
However, questions remain on the overall I/R mechanisms responsible for progressive …

Purpose The transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of stroke is one of the
most commonly used models to study focal cerebral ischemia. This procedure also results in …