Antioxidant systems are known to be sensitive to metal exposures and are suggested to use
in predicting sublethal metal toxicity. In this study, several antioxidant enzymes, such as …

The size of a fish is an important factor in its physiology, and metal uptake is affected by
animal physiology. In this study, small and large tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) differing …

Freshwater hardness affects metal toxicity and fish physiology. Therefore, the effects of
dissolved metals on fish physiology may differ in waters from different geographic regions. In …

Antioxidant defenses consisting of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), xanthine oxidase
(XOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione S-transferase were estimated in liver …

The glutathione metabolism contains crucial antioxidant molecules to defend the organisms
against oxidants. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the response of the …

Fish serum may reflect status of many biochemical processes in the metabolism. Heavy
metals, as environmental stressors, may alter serum biochemical parameters in fishes. Thus …

We investigated the effects of Zn, Cd and a Zn+ Cd mixture on antioxidant parameters and
metal accumulation in Oreochromis niloticus. Fish were exposed to 0.5 and 5.0 mg l− 1 Zn …

Background Trace elements of copper (Cu) are one of the main forms of ecological noxious
waste in freshwater systems that affect the survival and development of organisms. The …

The evaluation of metal's toxicity in freshwater is one of the imperative areas of research and
there is an emergent concern on the development of techniques for detecting toxic effects in …

Accidental industrial spills may lead to a high concentration of toxic metals in the aquatic
environment, as well as affecting freshwater ecosystems with acute and chronic toxicity. Of …