Bright light can cause ocular discomfort and/or pain; however, the mechanism linking
luminance to trigeminal nerve activity is not known. In this study we identify a novel reflex …

Excessive discomfort after exposure to bright light often occurs after ocular injury and during
headache. Although the trigeminal nerve is necessary for light-evoked discomfort, the …

Green light exposure has been shown to reduce pain in animal models. Here, we report a
vision-associated enkephalinergic neural circuit responsible for green light–mediated …

The ability of light to cause pain is paradoxical. The retina detects light but is devoid of
nociceptors while the trigeminal sensory ganglia (TG) contain nociceptors but not …

Purpose.: The authors investigated whether trigeminal sensitization occurs in response to
bright light with the retina disconnected from the rest of the central nervous system by optic …

Patients with functional pain disorders often complain of generalized sensory
hypersensitivity, finding sounds, smells, or even everyday light aversive. The neural basis for …

Thirty-three migraineurs and 23 healthy controls were submitted to pressure algometry
before and after light-induced discomfort was elicited by progressive light stimulation in a …

Photophobia may arise from various causes and frequently accompanies numerous ocular
diseases. In modern highly illuminated world, complaints about greater photosensitivity to …

Treatments for chronic pain are inadequate, and new options are needed.
Nonpharmaceutical approaches are especially attractive with many potential advantages …

Pain associated with mechanical, chemical, and thermal heat stimulation of the ocular
surface is mediated by trigeminal ganglion neurons, while cold thermoreceptors detect …