Thoracic surgery ranks as one of the most painful surgical procedures. Pain after these
procedures can be debilitating and lead to poor outcomes, including respiratory …

Postoperative pain is a very important issue for several patients. Indifferent of the surgery
type or method, pain management is very necessary. The relief from suffering leads to early …

Pain after thoracic surgery can be severe and, in the acute phase, contribute to perioperative
morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, patients also incur a significant risk of chronic pain …

Postoperative pain following thoracic surgery presents a significant challenge, and multiple
factors complicate recovery and pain management for this population. Although opioids are …

Thoracic operations have been considered to be among the most painful surgical incisions
[1–4]. Inadequate pain control not only creates discomfort for the patient, but it might also …

Thoracic surgical procedures are among the most painful operations, and their outcomes
are affected adversely by postoperative discomfort. Postthoracotomy pain control improves …

Despite efforts to recognize the undertreatment of perioperative pain and promulgate
guidelines to improve this situation [1], perioperative pain remains prevalent and is one of …

Post-thoracotomy pain is one of the most severe types of postoperative pain. It can last up to
2 months and can become chronic in 30% of patients. Pain relief after thoracic surgery is of …

Pain levels after cardiac surgery are often severe and undertreated. The effects of
undertreatment may be both severe and prolonged. The incidence of chronic pain after …

Although published data remain limited, recent evidence indicates that patients may benefit
from the addition of a variety of novel pain-management strategies currently under …