Via its interaction in several pathways, normal thyroid function is important to maintain
normal reproduction. In both genders, changes in SHBG and sex steroids are a consistent …

The thyroid gland and gonadal axes interact continuously before and during pregnancy.
Hypothyroidism influences ovarian function by decreasing levels of sex-hormone-binding …

Thyroid disorders have a great impact on fertility in both sexes. Hyperthyroidism and
hypothyroidism cause changes in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), prolactin …

Thyroid diseases are common in women of childbearing age and it is well known that
untreated thyroid disturbances result in an increased rate of adverse events, particularly …

In the present review, an attempt was made to describe current knowledge and concepts
concerning the complex relationships that link thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) and …

Hypothyroidism during pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes that can be
ameliorated or prevented by adequate therapy with thyroxine. Currently, there are no …

The thyroid gland is substantially challenged during pregnancy. Total T3 and T4 levels
increase by 50% during pregnancy owing to a 50% increase in thyroxine-binding globulin …

Thyroid hormones have been well studied for its relevance to male reproduction in the last
few decades. They are considered as essential regulators of male reproductive functions …

Sexual dimorphism exists in regard to the immune response between women and men, and
it accounts for the greater prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in women. Similarly to the …

Thyroid hormones are vital for the proper functioning of the female reproductive system,
since they modulate the metabolism and development of ovarian, uterine, and placental …