The conventional activated sludge (CAS) process as one of the greatest engineering
marvels has made irreplaceable contributions towards the human development in the past …

The principle of the conventional activated sludge (CAS) for municipal wastewater treatment
is primarily based on biological oxidation by which organic matters are converted to biomass …

Despite a quick shift of global goals toward carbon-neutral infrastructure, activated sludge
based conventional systems inhibit the Green New Deal. Here, a municipal wastewater …

Throughout the 20th century, the prevailing approach toward nitrogen management in
municipal wastewater treatment was to remove ammonium by transforming it into dinitrogen …

In current biological nitrogen removal (BNR) processes, most of ammonium in municipal
wastewater is biologically transformed to nitrogen gas, making ammonium recovery …

This letter proposes an innovative roadmap for achieving energy-positive sewage treatment
based on sludge treatment using free ammonia (FA, ie, NH3). This FA technology is able to …

The operation of current biological sewage treatment processes is mainly based on the bio-
oxidation principle with the input of substantial amount of energy for oxidation of sewage …

Municipal sewage sludge is the residual material produced as a waste of municipal
wastewater purification. It is a sophisticated multi-component material, hard to handle. For …

Conventional municipal wastewater treatment plants based on the activated sludge process
are neither energy efficient nor economical. Various technologies (eg, anaerobic treatment …

Municipal wastewater treatment that mainly performed by conventional activated sludge
(CAS) process faces the challenge of intensive aeration-associated energy consumption for …