Assessment of potentially reduced risk tobacco products (PRRPs) can be facilitated with
availability of a single baseline population estimate for biomarkers of exposure (BOEs) for …

Cigarette smoking is associated with a large number of adverse health outcomes and
continues to be a major contributor to death and disease. Although the best option for …

Nicotine and its 5 major metabolites (Nicotine equivalents, NE) may serve as a surrogate
biomarker for smoke exposure. Objective: To investigate the relationship between nicotine …

We characterize nicotine exposure in the US population by measuring urinary nicotine and
its major (cotinine, trans-3′-hydroxycotinine) and minor (nicotine 1′-oxide, cotinine N …

Assessment of biomarkers is an appropriate way to estimate exposure to cigarette
mainstream smoke and smokeless tobacco (SLT) constituents in tobacco consumers. Using …

Background: The objective of this study was to obtain baseline data on biomarkers of
exposure (BoE) and biomarkers of potential harm (BoPH) in smokers, former smokers and …

This open‐label, randomized, controlled, in‐clinic, 6‐parallel‐group study evaluated
changes in biomarkers of exposure (BoEs) to select harmful and potentially harmful …

With increasing use of new generation tobacco/nicotine products (TNPs) instead or in
addition to conventional cigarettes (CCs), the question arises, whether the user of these new …

Introduction Real-world evidence regarding likely long-term health effects of e-vapor
products (EVP) under actual use conditions relative to cigarette smoking is not well studied …

Background: The nicotine products relative risk assessment estimates the relative risk of
tobacco-related diseases due to use of 15 nicotine products. This update adds new data to …