Cell fate decisions during early B cell activation determine the outcome of responses to
pathogens and vaccines. We examined the early B cell response to T-dependent antigen in …

There is little insight into or agreement about the signals that control differentiation of
memory B cells (MBCs) and long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). By performing BrdU pulse …

Memory B cells comprise a heterogenous group of cells that differ in origin and phenotype.
During the early phases of the immune response, activated B cells can differentiate into IgM …

The development of high-affinity B cell memory is regulated through three separable
phases, each involving antigen recognition by specific B cells and cognate T helper cells …

Long-lived plasma cells (PCs) and memory B cells (B mem) constitute the cellular
components of enduring humoral immunity, whereas short-lived PCs that rapidly produce Ig …

A hallmark of adaptive immune responses is the generation of long‐lived protection after
primary exposure to a pathogen. In humoral responses, this protection stems from a …

T-dependent humoral responses generate long-lived memory B cells and plasma cells
(PCs) predominantly through germinal center (GC) reaction. In human and mouse, memory …

Repeated exposure to pathogens or their antigens triggers anamnestic antibody responses
that are higher in magnitude and affinity than the primary response. These involve …

We comprehensively review memory B cells (MBCs), covering the definition of MBCs and
their identities and subsets, how MBCs are generated, where they are localized, how they …

Humoral immunity is characterized by the generation of Ab-secreting plasma cells and
memory B cells that can more rapidly generate specific Abs upon Ag exposure than their …