Immunological memory is an important evolutionary trait that improves host survival upon
reinfection. Memory is a characteristic recognized within both the innate and adaptive arms …

Unlike the adaptive immune system, the innate immune system has classically been
characterized as being devoid of memory functions. However, recent research shows that …

Protection against infection hinges on a close interplay between the innate immune system
and the adaptive immune system. Depending on the type and context of a pathogen, the …

The innate arm of the immune system has generally been regarded as primitive and non-
specific and, in contrast to adaptive immunity, not to possess memory. Here we review the …

Researchers gathered at the Wellcome Trust Genome Campus in Hinxton, Cambridge, for
the first Innate Immune Memory Conference dedicated to the adaptive characteristics of …

Vaccination is the most effective means of preventing infectious diseases. Despite the
success of many vaccines, there is presently little knowledge of the immunological …

The ability to remember a previous encounter with pathogens was long thought to be a key
feature of the adaptive immune system enabling the host to mount a faster, more specific …

BACKGROUND Host immune responses are classically divided into innate immune
responses, which react rapidly and nonspecifically upon encountering a pathogen, and …

Research over the last several years has greatly advanced our understanding of the
mechanisms by which the immune system functions. There exist two main branches of …

Highlights•Cells from the innate immune system can undergo functional reprogramming.•
Trained immunity involves rewiring the intracellular immune signaling of innate immune …