The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants is part of the normal metabolism
of chloroplasts, mitochondria and peroxisomes; however, the exposure to environmental …

The contamination of soils and water with metals has created a major environmental
problem, leading to considerable losses in plant productivity and hazardous health effects …

Plants exposed to excess metals are challenged by an increased generation of reactive
oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide (O 2•-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the …

In most plants, exposure to elevated concentrations of heavy metals results in growth
inhibition (see Chap. 8). After prolonged metal exposure, sensitive plants develop visible …

During their life span, plants can be subjected to a number of abiotic stresses, like drought,
temperature (both high and low), radiation, salinity, soil pH, heavy metals, lack of essential …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS, partial reduction or derivatives of free radicals) are highly
reactive, dangerous and can cause oxidative cell death. In addition to their role as toxic by …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) originate as a natural byproduct in standard metabolism of
oxygen activities. The principal sites of ROS generation in the cell are apoplast …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by metabolic pathways in almost all cells. As
signaling components, ROS are best known for their roles in abiotic and biotic stress-related …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been recognized as important signaling compounds
of major importance in a number of developmental and physiological processes in plants …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been considered for a long time as undesirable by-
product of the cellular metabolism, but recently the role of ROS in molecular signaling …