Regular exercise improves physical fitness and general health via significant muscle
molecular adaptations. ATP (energy) and its regulation is critical to metabolic homeostasis …

Hormesis encompasses the notion that low levels of stress stimulate or upregulate existing
cellular and molecular pathways that improve the capacity of cells and organisms to …

Background Loss of muscle strength and endurance with aging or in various conditions
negatively affects quality of life. Resistance exercise training (RET) is the most powerful …

In the last years, it has become evident that both acute and chronic physical exercise trigger
responses/adaptations in the purinergic signaling and these adaptations can be considered …

Cumulative evidence supports the hypothesis that hypoxia acts as a regulator of muscle
mass. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood …

Metabolic stress is a physiological process that occurs during exercise in response to low
energy that leads to metabolite accumulation [lactate, phosphate inorganic (Pi) and ions of …

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle disease that results in muscle
wasting, wheelchair dependence, and eventual death due to cardiac and respiratory …

A series of complex intracellular networks influence the regulation of skeletal muscle protein
turnover. In recent years, studies have examined how cellular regulators of muscle protein …

Since the initial findings of free radicals existence in the biological samples (Commoner et
al., 1954) revealed the negative effects of free radicals within the hypothesis of a free radical …

The beneficial effects of exercise require an orchestrated activation of multifaceted signalling
pathways in contracting skeletal muscle and remote tissues. Exercise generates reactive …