In this time of unprecedented global change, infectious diseases will impact humans and
wildlife in novel and unknown ways. Climate change, the introduction of invasive species …

Pathogens that are maintained by wild birds occasionally jump to human hosts, causing
considerable loss of life and disruption to global commerce. Preliminary evidence suggests …

The extinction of species across the globe is accelerating directly or indirectly from human
activities. Biological impoverishment, habitat fragmentation, climate change, increasing …

Free-living birds encounter multiple health hazards brought on by viruses, bacteria, and
fungi, some which in turn can significantly impact other animal populations and human …

Zoonotic diseases pose a serious threat to global health and economy. Domestic and wild
birds play crucial roles in transmission and spread of important zoonotic pathogens, with …

INTRODUCTION: Wild birds and especially migratory species can become long-distance
vectors for a wide range of microorganisms. The objective of the current paper is to …

Climate‐related environmental changes have increasingly been linked to emerging
infectious diseases in wildlife. The Arctic is facing a major ecological transition that is …

By using the criteria that define emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) of humans, we can
identify a similar group of EIDs in wildlife. In the current review we highlight an important …

Many organisms, from viruses to metazoan parasites, can be spread when domesticated or
nondomesticated birds are moved from one locality to another. Theoretically, potential …

I nfectious agents represent a significant risk to humans, their domestic crops and animals,
and the planet's wildlife[1-4]. The past century was punctuated by the emergence of a variety …