Recent evidence shows that many molecules of the TNF family serve as counter-receptors,
inducing costimulation through reverse signals in addition to delivering signals through their …

Productive T cell activation generally requires costimulation in addition to a signal delivered
through the TCR. Although FasL is well-characterized for its capacity to deliver a death …

The molecules concerned with costimulation belong either to the immunoglobulin (Ig) or
tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. The tumor necrosis superfamily comprises …

Two for T Page 1 SYLVIE GUERDER AND RICHARD A. FLAVELL Two for T T-cell activation
requires costimulation in addition to the antigen-specific signal. Recent results suggest that …

The inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF), as well as most other ligand
members of the TNF superfamily, exist both as classical soluble cytokines, but also in the …

Costimulatory molecules of the CD28 family on T lymphocytes integrate cues from innate
immune system sensors and modulate activation responses in conventional CD4+ T cells …

T cell activation and differentiation is accompanied and mediated by transcriptional
reprogramming. The NFATc1 transcription factor is strongly induced upon T cell activation …

Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR (GITR) has been implicated as an essential regulator of
immune responses to self tissues and pathogens. We have recently shown that GITR …

Inducible costimulator (ICOS) expression is critical for T cell-mediated immunity. We showed
previously that T cell receptor and CD28 coengagement up-regulate ICOS expression in …

Developing Costimulatory Molecules for Immunotherapy of Diseases highlights the novel
concept of reverse costimulation and how it can be effectively exploited to develop …