In 1993, Malawi became the first African country to replace chloroquine with sulfadoxine-
pyrimethamine nationwide in response to high rates of chloroquine-resistant falciparum …

The spread of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria has been a major impediment
to malaria control and threatens prospects for elimination. We recently demonstrated the …

Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance was first detected in Cambodia in the early
sixties. Treatment with chloroquine was abandoned 20 years ago. In vitro chloroquine …

Background. The return of chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum to the limited area
of Blantyre, Malawi, has been well demonstrated in several studies. Methods. To …

The molecular mechanism of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum remains
uncertain. Polymorphisms in the pfcrt and pfmdr-1 genes have been associated with …

Emphasis on retaining chloroquine as the first-line therapy for Plasmodium falciparum
infections in most of sub-Saharan Africa for as long as it remains effective has resulted in …

Background Because of its dramatic public health impact, Plasmodium falciparum resistance
to chloroquine (CQ) has been documented early on. Chloroquine-resistance (CQR) …

Mutations in the pfcrt and pfmdr1 genes have been associated with chloroquine resistance
in Plasmodium falciparum. Ten and five mutations, respectively, have been identified in …

Chloroquine resistance has been linked to mutations in the pfcrt and pfmdr1 genes of
Plasmodium falciparum. To estimate the prevalence of the pfcrt K76T, pfmdr1 N86Y, and …

Background Plasmodium falciparum resistance to anti-malarial drugs remains a major
obstacle to malaria control and elimination. The parasite has developed resistance to every …