Basking at the sea surface is a well known, but peculiar behavior of ocean sunfish (Mola
mola). One of hypotheses for this behavior is parasite elimination. However, in oceanic …

We observed a school of ocean sunfish Mola mola at the surface in the western North Pacific
Ocean (40° 46.8′ N, 165° 01.7′ E) for about 90 min in July 2010. The school consisted of …

Cleaning symbiosis is a 3-party symbiotic relationship in which cleaning organisms act as
micro-carnivores and use the body surfaces of their host fishes as a feeding substratum …

Marine cleaners benefit diverse fish clients via removal of ectoparasites, yet little is known
about how fishes locate small, inconspicuous cleaner shrimps on coral reefs. Pederson …

RESULTS Both sunfish and wrasse exhibited a typical cleaning behavior, with the host
remaining practically motionless and allowing the wrasse to glide around its body. The …

Cleaning mutualism has attracted the interest of behavioural biologists and ecologists for
more than half a century. It involves the removal of ectoparasites and tissue of'client'species …

Most studies and records of cleaning symbiosis between reef fish originate from shallow
waters, ranging about 1–30 m depth. We record herein the wrasse Bodianus pulchellus and …

Mutualistic and commensal interactions can have significant positive impacts on animal
fitness and survival. However, behavioural interactions between pelagic animals living in …

Adult bucephalid trematodes (Digenea) generally only occur in piscivorous fish. Within
labrid fishes they are very rare, however, we have found them in labrid cleaner fish that feed …

Ocean sunfish (M ola mola) were believed to be inactive jellyfish feeders because they are
often observed lying motionless at the sea surface. Recent tracking studies revealed that …