Trauma is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world. Multiple trauma or
isolated traumatic brain injury are both indicative of human tissue damage. In the early …

Associated with the development of hospital-acquired infections, major traumatic injury
results in an immediate and persistent state of systemic immunosuppression, yet the …

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a non-specific exaggerated defense
response caused by infectious or non-infectious stressors such as trauma, burn, surgery …

Sepsis refers to the deleterious and non-resolving systemic inflammatory response of the
host to microbial infection and is the leading cause of death in intensive care units. The …

Multiple organ failure (MOF) is the leading cause of late mortality and morbidity in patients
who are admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). However, there is an epidemiologic …

Thermal injury is often associated with a proinflammatory state resulting in serious
complications. After a burn, the innate immune system is activated with subsequent immune …

Significance: Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by
dysregulated host response to infection. This leads to an uncontrolled inflammatory …

Abstract In 1994, the “danger model” argued that adaptive immune responses are driven
rather by molecules released upon tissue damage than by the recognition of “strange” …

Purpose Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released of trauma could
contribute to an immune suppressed state that renders patients vulnerable towards …

Our body handles tissue damage by activating the immune system in response to
intracellular molecules released by injured tissues [damage-associated molecular patterns …