In the last couple of years, there has been a dramatic increase in laboratory research
examining the benefits of recall testing on long-term learning and retention. This work was …

How do we go about learning new information? This article reviews the importance of
practicing retrieval of newly experienced information if one wants to be able to retrieve it …

An emerging body of studies demonstrates that practicing retrieval of studied information, by
comparison with restudying or no treatment, can facilitate subsequent learning and retrieval …

Testing, or retrieval practice, has become a central topic in memory research. One
potentially important effect of retrieval practice has received little attention, however: It may …

Tests have been shown to improve the later recall of tested information, a result known as
the testing effect. Tests, however, can also impair the later recall of related information, an …

Many studies have shown that retrieving information during a test facilitates later memory for
that information. Most research on this testing effect has focused on retention of information …

Testing previously studied information enhances long-term memory, particularly when the
information is successfully retrieved from memory. The authors examined the effect of …

Despite the voluminous literatures on testing effects and lag effects, surprisingly few studies
have examined whether testing and lag effects interact, and no prior research has directly …

In the present study, subjects studied lists of words across four experimental conditions:
whether (or not) subjects received initial testing for these lists and whether (or not) they were …

Tests, as learning events, can enhance subsequent recall more than do additional study
opportunities, even without feedback. Such advantages of testing tend to appear, however …