In recent years, research in behavioral medicine has become increasingly focused on
understanding how chronic and acute exposure to stress impacts health outcomes. During …

Development of new biomarkers is a constantly evolving field of research endeavor in
psychoneuroendocrinology. Salivary biomarkers have received special attention since they …

Current biobehavioral research increasingly employs salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) as a
surrogate marker for sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity. While different lines of …

The impact of stress on health varies across the different stages of human life. Aging is
associated with psychobiological changes that could limit our ability to cope with stressors …

Background Cortisol is an essential hormone in the regulation of the stress response along
the HPA axis, and salivary cortisol has been used as a measure of free circulating cortisol …

In the history of science, technical advances often precede periods of rapid accumulation of
knowledge. Within the past three decades, discoveries that enabled the noninvasive …

Biological indicators for stress reactions are valuable markers in psychophysiological
research and clinical practice. Since the release of salivary enzyme alpha-amylase was …

During recent years, a growing interest emerged in using salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) as a
non-invasive, surrogate marker for sympathetic activity. Numerous studies applying stress …

Salivary α‐amylase (sAA) increases rapidly in response to psychosocial stress in young
adults, but no direct comparisons between different age groups across the life span have …

Stress is a multidimensional construct. To accurately represent stress physiology, multiple
stress measures across multiple stress-related systems should be assessed. However …