The human genome project and its search for factors underlying human diseases has
fostered a major human research effort. Therefore, unsurprisingly, in recent years we have …

Efforts to phenotype pancreatic islets have contributed tremendously to our present
understanding of endocrine function and diabetes. A continued evolution in approaches to …

The higher organization of β-cells into spheroid structures termed islets of Langerhans is
critical for the proper regulation of insulin secretion. Thus, rodent β-cells form a functional …

Emerging reports on the organization of the different hormone-secreting cell types (alpha,
glucagon; beta, insulin; and delta, somatostatin) in human islets have emphasized the …

This review focuses on the human pancreatic islet—including its structure, cell composition,
development, function, and dysfunction. After providing a historical timeline of key …

Islet non-β-cells, the α-δ-and pancreatic polypeptide cells (PP-cells), are important
components of islet architecture and intercellular communication. In α-cells, glucagon is …

The cytoarchitecture of human islets has been examined, focusing on cellular associations
that provide the anatomical framework for paracrine interactions. By using confocal …

The islets of Langerhans are highly organized structures that have species-specific, three-
dimensional tissue architecture. Islet architecture is critical for proper hormone secretion in …

The pancreatic islet displays diverse patterns of endocrine cell arrangement. The prototypic
islet, with insulin-secreting β-cells forming the core surrounded by other endocrine cells in …

Objective To elucidate why diabetes is so difficult to treat despite the present tools and
pharmacologic armamentarium and to provide insights into emerging therapies by …