Neural circuitry is typically modulated via invasive brain implants and tethered optical fibres
in restrained animals. Here we show that wide-field illumination in the second near-infrared …

Optogenetics has been plagued by invasive brain implants and thermal effects during photo‐
modulation. Here, two upconversion hybrid nanoparticles modified with photothermal …

Modulating neural electrophysiology with high precision is essential for understanding
neural communication and for the diagnosis and treatment of neural disorders. Photothermal …

Optogenetics provides powerful means for precise control of neuronal activity; however, the
requirement of transgenesis and the incapability to extend the neuron excitation window into …

Thermogenetics is a promising innovative neurostimulation technique, which enables robust
activation of neurons using thermosensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) cation …

The capability to remotely control the release of biomolecules provides an unique
opportunity to monitor and regulate neural signaling, which spans extraordinary spatial and …

In recent years, interest has grown in the ability to manipulate, in a temporally precise
fashion, the electrical activity of specific neurons embedded within densely wired brain …

A neural stimulation technique that can inhibit neural activity reversibly and directly without
genetic modification is valuable for understating complex brain functions and treating brain …

Photothermal neuromodulation is one of the emerging technologies being developed for
neuroscience studies because it can provide minimally invasive control of neural activity in …

Many nanomaterials can be used as sensors or transducers in biomedical research and
they form the essential components of transformative novel biotechnologies. In this study, we …