Background. We propose a 1‐1‐12 wash‐in scheme for desflurane‐nitrous oxide (N2O) low‐
flow anesthesia. The objective of our study was to determine the time to achieve alveolar …

Background We reported a 1-1-12 wash-in scheme for desflurane-nitrous oxide (N2O) low
flow anesthesia that is simple, rapid, and predictable. There remain some situations where …

Aims: The aim of the study was to find out the time required for the alveolar concentration of
desflurane to be from 1% to 6% with and without N 2 O. Design: It was a potential …

In low‐flow anesthesia (LFA), there is a wash‐in period in which usually high fresh gas flow
(FGF) rates are used to achieve the required initial concentration of anesthetic agent in the …

During the wash-in period in low flow anaesthesia (LFA), high fresh gas flow is used to
achieve the desired agent concentration. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety of …

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine if the previously described single-step O2/N2O fresh gas
flow (FGF) sequence could be combined with a simple desflurane vaporizer (FD) sequence …

Objectives Due to its low solubility and negligible metabolism, desflurane is assumed to be
especially suitable for application by low-flow anaesthetic techniques. The aim of this clinical …

Background and objective Low-flow anaesthesia is economical and less polluting. The
purpose of this study was to determine the inspired and end-tidal desflurane concentrations …

Background Sevoflurane is suitable for low-flow anesthesia (LFA). LFA needs a wash-in
phase. The reported sevoflurane wash-in schemes lack simplicity, target coverage, and …

Abstract Background The Zeus®(Dräger, Lübeck, Germany), an automated closed-circuit
anesthesia machine, uses high fresh gas flows (FGF) to wash-in the circuit and the lungs …